三江源地区土壤侵蚀类型研究

Study on Soil Erosion Types in Three-river Headstream Region

全球气候变暖导致三江源地区雪线上升,冰川后移,降水和径流减少,草场退化,土壤沙化,使本来就十分脆弱的生态环境更加恶化。根据三江源地区当前所处的实际情况,在分析三江源地区土壤侵蚀环境背景以及土壤侵蚀营力作用的基础上,归纳总结了三江源地区土壤侵蚀类型与特征,重点研究了冻融侵蚀分布范围和强度、分布规律以及评价指标体系。结果表明:三江源地区各种土壤侵蚀类型中,冻融侵蚀分布范围最广;不同强度的冻融侵蚀空间分布差异显著。

The increasingly warm global climate, combined with the impact of human factors, has been making the snow line rising in the Three-river Headstream region, leading to backing of glaciers, reducing of precipitation and streamflow, pasture degradation and soil desertification, which makes the originally fragile ecological environment worse. Based on the current actual situation in the Three-river Headstream region, this paper analyzes the background and endogenetic processes of soil erosion, and summarizes the characteristics of the types of soil erosion, with the focus on the scope, intensity and distribution law of freeze-thaw erosion and its evaluation and index system. The result shows that there exists widely spread freeze thaw erosion, clear geographical distribution of freezethaw erosion of different intensity and marked differences between the distribution areas of freeze-thaw erosion in the Three-river Headstream region.