汶川地震重灾区交通通达性分析

TRAFFIC ACCESSIBILITY ANALYSIS AT THE HEAVY DISASTER AREA OF WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE

选取在汶川地震中受灾严重的30个区县,用交通网络密度、交通干线影响水平和区位优势度3个指标对其在地震之前的交通通达性进行分析,以期为重灾区在灾后恢复重建提供参考依据。从计算结果看,通达性最高的是绵阳市的涪城区,最低的为阿坝州的松潘县,只有涪城区的1/5,通达性在地区之间存在着显著的差距。分析结果表明重灾区的通达性呈现明显的空间分布差异:由中心城市向周围、由平原向高原呈递减趋势,在交通主干线经过的地方其通达性一般都比较高,表现出一定的带状空间结构特征。通过对通达性与经济发展水平的空间分布情况进行对比分析,发现重灾区的经济发展水平与交通通达性的空间分布特征和变化趋势存一定的相关性,即交通通达性高的地区其经济发展水平也相对较高,反之亦然。从定量角度分析经济发展水平和通达性之间的关系,结果显示两者之间存在着指数函数关系。

In this paper,using the transport network density,traffic impacts on the level of trunk and location advantages,30 counties（districts） of the heavy disaster area of Wenchuan Earthquake were selected to analyze traffic accessibility in pre-earthquake,and provide reference for the reconstruction of the heavy disaster area.The data show that Fucheng District of Mianyang City gets the highest traffic accessibility.The lowest is in Songpan County,which is only 1/5 of that in Fucheng District.So there is a significant gap among counties.The analysis indicates that there is great diversity in the spatial distribution of traffic accessibility in the heavy disaster areas with a trend of decreasing from the center of the city to its periphery,also from the plain area to the plateau region.Those regions with traffic main trunk line have higher traffic accessibility than other places.The traffic accessibility of this area is characterized by the strap configuration.By analyzing the relation of economic development and traffic accessibility in this area,it is found that the economic development levels in the heavy disaster areas have something to do with the spatial distribution diversity there.That is,the area with higher economic development level the traffic accessibility is higher,and vice versa.From a quantitative view,a remarkable exponential function relationship is also found between the economic development level and traffic accessibility.