全国儿童期单纯性肥胖流行病学调查济南市区报告

National epidemiologic survey on childhood simple obesity:the report from Ji'nan City

目的了解济南市区儿童期单纯性肥胖症流行病学特点。方法采取随机整群抽样方法,调查0～17岁儿童6758名,儿童肥胖判定标准按WHO的身高标准体重值,标准差记分法,体重高于中位数一个标准差为超重,两个标准差为肥胖。测量体重、身长/身高,3岁以上肥胖儿童以1∶1比例配对测量腰围、臀围、大腿围及血压;然后进行统计学分析。结果肥胖总检出率11.36%,超重总检出率14.95%,其中男童肥胖、超重检出率分别为14.26%、16.55%,女童肥胖与超重分别为7.96%、13.14%。3岁前男女儿童BMI平均值分别为17.10、16.65,3～6岁略降低,6岁后上升,12岁分别为20.52、19.69。肥胖儿童收缩压与舒张压高于第95百分位数比例分别为8.58%、11.15%,明显高于正常体重儿童的比例1.72%、4.46%。结论济南市区儿童单纯性肥胖检出率增加,随年龄增长快速上升趋势,肥胖者已具有心血管损害指标,预防控制重点应在学龄前期。

Objective To explore epidemiologic features of childhood simple obesity of Ji＇nan City. Method Random elustere sampling was employed and a total of 6 785 children aged 0-17 years were recruited in the survey. The criteria of screening overweight/obesity was more than 1 Z-score/2 Z-score of the median of reference value of weight and height made by WHO. Length-height/weight for all subjects and waist/hip/thigh circumference and blood pressure data for children over 3 years old were measured by 1：1 paired. The obtained data were statistically managed by Chi-square test and t-test respectively. Result The prevalence of obesity was 11.36% and overweight was 14.95% for all; 14.26% and 16.55% for boys, and 7.96% and 13.14% for girls. The mean of BMI before 3 years old was 17.10 for boys and 16.65 for girls respectively, decreasing from 3 to 6 years old and increasing after 6 years old. It reached 20.52 and 19.69 at 12 years old for boys and girls respectively. The 8.58%/11.15% of obese children who＇s SBP/DBP was higher than 95th percentile of reference value and it was significantly higher than the 1.72/4.46 of the normal children. Conclusion The children＇s prevalence of simple obesity in Jinan City has increased in recent years and has a rising trend along with age. The obese children have already some cardiovascular damage indicators and the prevention and control should be focused on preschool-age children.