说上帝存在和上帝实际存在——从语言哲学角度看安瑟伦与康德关于上帝存在的争论

Say God Exist and God Really Exists——View Arguments Concerning God's Existence Between Anselm and Kant from Perspective of Philosophy of language

安瑟伦提出一种经典的有关上帝存在的本体论证明。其要点是我们只要通过语词提到上帝,上帝就实际存在。康德指出仅通过概念推演,无法证明上帝存在。现代语言哲学使得哲学家可以区分说什么东西存在和什么东西实际存在。事实上,安瑟伦的证明和康德的反驳依赖两种截然相反的理论预设,从其理论预设出发,安瑟伦证明其实相当合理,康德并没有驳倒。

Anselm presented a classical ontological argument about God＇s existence. Its crux is that by referring God by words we may conclude that God exists really. Kant pointed out that the existence of God can not be justified merely by deductions among conceptions. Modem philosophy of language enables philosophers to distinguish between saying something exist and something being really existent. As a matter of fact Anselm＇s proof and Kant＇s criticism derived from two hypotheses opposite to each other. Aeeording to his hypothesis Anselm＇s argument is reasonable enough to survive Kant＇s attack.