压电驱动器的气动弹性应用

Application of Piezoelectric Actuators to Aircraft Aeroelastic Performance Enhancement

随着压电智能材料与结构的发展,压电驱动器在气动弹性控制领域占据重要地位。使用压电驱动器控制翼面变形,利用而不是抵抗气动弹性效应可以控制升力、力矩以及它们的分布。采用基本相同的智能结构翼面控制系统,根据不同的控制目标需求,使用压电智能材料驱动器可以达到多种目的,包括静态的形状控制与动态的颤振抑制、抖振控制与阵风响应控制。静态控制方面例如改变翼面形状获得附加空气动力以增加升力、提供横滚力矩、改变升力分布以减小诱导阻力或减小翼根弯矩等;动态控制例如利用改变翼面形状产生的附加空气动力作为控制载荷,改变气动弹性系统的耦合程度,根据控制效果要求可作为气动阻尼、气动刚度或气动质量。这种控制方法可以减轻结构重量,提高操纵效率,扩大飞行包线,提高材料利用率,已成为可变形飞行器的重要研究内容。本文主要阐述压电驱动器气动弹性应用的动机与机理、发展与成就以及问题与展望。

Along with the development of smart materials and structures,using piezoelectric actuators to control the aeroelastic performances in an aircraft is becoming an important research subject.Controlling wing deformation by means of piezoelectric actuators,the control method can control lift,moments and their distribution by utilizing the aeroelastic effect rather than resisting it.By means of similar structural control systems with smart materials,multiform control aims can be achieved,including static shape , control, flutter suppression, buffet control and gust response control. In static control, the additional aerodynamic force obtained through changing the wing shape can increase lift, provide rolling moment, decrease induced drag and reduce bending moment at the root of the wing. In dynamic control, the additional aerodynamic force can act either as aerodynamic stiffness, aerodynamic mass or aerodynamic damping depending on different control aims. These control methods can help decrease structural weight, increase control efficiency, enlarge flight envelope and enhance material utilization efficiency. They are an important part of the morphing aircraft project. This article reviews the motivation, mechanism, development and achievements in the application of piezoelectric actuators to aircraft for aeroelastic performance enhancement and discusses issues and expectations in this field.