三峡泄洪深孔选型试验研究与工程效果

Model study and prototype observation on deep outlets of Three Gorges project

本文系统回顾了长江科学院1985-1999年期间三峡泄洪深孔选型的试验研究过程,并结合三峡工程蓄水运行以来两次水力学原型观测成果,对深孔泄洪运行效果进行了分析评估。研究表明深孔选用体型水力特性良好,过流能力满足设计要求,压力分布均匀平顺,跌坎下游能形成完整的底空腔,明槽段水流掺气可对坎后坝面形成有效保护,减压试验表明该体型空化特性良好。原型观测成果予以进一步证实,其主要水力特性指标与模型试验趋于一致,过流壁面汛后检查均未发现空蚀现象。三峡深孔的研究成果可为今后相关工程设计提供参考。

The paper presents a summary of the systematic model tests of Three Gorges deep outlets and the two prototype observations with analysis and evaluation of the prototype operation.Experimental tests including vacuum tank tests of flow cavitation,revealed that the hydrodynamic behaviors of the model deep outlets were acceptable in terms of flow capacity,smooth distribution of wall pressure and a steady bottom cavity behind the aerator.Prototype observations prove these conclusions and the observed hydrodynami...