流域产流分析及计算

Formation and calculation of watershed runoff yield

根据Horton和Dunne提出的产流条件,探讨了流域产流机理,发展了"蓄满产流"和"超渗产流"两种流域产流模式的科学内涵。论述了影响流域产流量的因子。指出这两种流域产流模式在自然界具有较好的普适性,已成为构建流域水文模型中产流量计算模块的重要依据。流域蓄水容量曲线和下渗能力面积分配曲线只能考虑降雨空间分布均匀时下垫面因子空间分布不均匀对流域产流量的影响。随着雷达测雨、卫星遥感测雨技术的日趋成熟和GIS技术的应用,可以期望网格法成为考虑降雨和下垫面因子空间分布不均匀对流域产流量影响的更直接、更合理的方法。

By the Horton and Dunne runoff generation theories, this paper discusses the mechanism of watershed runoff yield, develops concepts of the runoff formation at the natural storage and the runoff formation in excess of infiltration, and analyzes the influencing factors of watershed runoff yield and the contributing area change characteristics. It＇ s emphasized that these two generation mechanisms of good universality in nature are the important basis in building the runoff yield module of watershed hydrology models. Only the influence of spatial heterogeneity of underlying surface factors on watershed runoff yield under the situation of the spatial homogeneity of rainfall can be considered with the method of watershed storage capacity curve and infiltration capacity area distribution curve. With the development of rainfall measurement by radar and satellite remote sensing technique and the application of GIS technique, however, grid method is expected more direct and reasonable in considering the influence of spatial heterogeneity of rainfall and underlying surface factors on the watershed runoff yield.