广州地区晚稻品种与施肥对稻田甲烷排放通量的影响研究

METHANE PRODUCTION BY TWO VARIETIES OF LATE RICE IN GUANGZHOU REGION AND INFLUENCE BY FERTILIZER APPLICATION

研究了广州地区晚稻２个稻种（Ａ．“粳籼８９”；Ｂ．“汕优６３”）在２种施肥处理（１．有机肥＋化肥；２．化肥）下，各个试区的甲烷排放通量与排放规律研究表明：在处理１和处理２“粳籼８９”的ＣＨ４排放通量分别为２６．９和９．６ｍｇ／（ｍ２·ｈ）；“汕优６３”分别为２３．３和１１．３ｍｇ／（ｍ２·ｈ）两个稻种在同种施肥及其它田间管理条件下，ＣＨ４排放通量没有显著差异，并且排放规律一致在对“粳籼８９”两个处理区２４ｈ连续监测中，发现ＣＨ４日排放规律一致，均有２个排放高峰，分别出现在２：００～４：００时和１４：００～１６：００时，最高峰在１４：００时，其中处理１的ＣＨ４日排放峰值分别为５４．３和９６５ｍｇ／（ｍ２·ｈ），处理２分别为４４７和５７６ｍｇ／（ｍ２·ｈ）４个试区的ＣＨ４排放主要集中在水稻生长前期，从移栽后第４０ｄ至收割，各试区基本无ＣＨ４排放１９９６年晚稻田ＣＨ４排放规律与１９９４。

This study observed patterns of methane emission by 2 varieties of late rice (A.Gensan89; B. Sanyou 63) in the Guangzhou region,and the impact of fertilizer application methods (1. organic manure+chemical fertilizer; 2. chemical fertililzer).During the whole period from transplantation of seedling to harvest, the average CH 4 emissoin rates for type 1 and 2 fertilizer treatments were 26.9 mg(m 2·h) -1 and 9.6 mg(m 2·h) -1 respectively in Gensan 89,and 23.3 mg (m 2·h) -1 and 11.3 mg (m 2·h) -1 respectively in Sanyou 63. The daily emission was monitored continuously for 24 h on 6 September 1996 for Gensan 89.Two peaks were recorded which occurred around 2:00～4:00 and 14:00～16:00 at 54.3 and 95.6 mg(m 2·h) -1 with fertilizer applicatioin method 1, and 44.7 and 57.6 mg(m 2·h) -1 with fertilizer application method. 2. Use of manure significantly increased CH 4 production. However, for the same fertilizer treatment and management, there was no significant difference in CH 4 emission rates between the rice varieties, with CH 4 emission mostly occurring within 40 days of transplantation and rarely recorded thereafter. Such long term pattern of CH 4 emission was similar to those observed in rice during 1994 and 1995.