新疆冬春麦区小麦地方品种贮藏蛋白遗传多样性研究

Genetic Diversity Analysis on the Storage Proteins of Wheat Landraces from Xinjiang Wheat Production Region

采用SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（SDS-PAGE）对236份新疆小麦地方品种的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基（HMW-GS）的组成进行了分析。结果表明：Glu-Ⅰ位点共有19种等位基因，其中Glu-Al位点3种，Glu-Bl位点7种，Glu—D1住点9种；亚基null、7＋8、2＋12在各自的位点上出现频率最高，分别达到91．95％、85．17％、80．93％；亚基组成类型共有21种，主要为null／7＋8／2＋12，频率达70．34％；同时筛选出33份含有1、2^＊、13＋16、14＋15、5＋10、1．5＋10、174-18等优质亚基的材料，可作为优质基因源。利用酸性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（A-PAGE）对其中的65份地方品种进行醇溶蛋白多样性分析。结果表明：电泳出现64条迁移率不同的谱带，构成65种组合，其中ω区出现的谱带最多，达17条；其次是β和γ区各16条，α区出现的谱带数最少，为15条。从每条谱带在65份材料中出现的频率看，总的变异范围为1．54％～93．85％；α、β、γ和ω4个分区多样性指数（H1）分别为0．498、0．386、0．523和0．348，表明新疆麦区小麦地方品种贮藏蛋白位点存在丰富的遗传多样性。

In order to know the genetic diversity of wheat landraces in Xinjiang wheat production area and provide basic materials for improving wheat quality,subunits composition of high molecular weight gluten with a total of 236 wheat landraces were analyzed by means of SDS-PAGE. The result indicated that there were 19 alleles on Glu- 1 loci,including 3 alleles on Glu-A1 loci,7 alleles on Glu-B1 loci,9 alleles on Glu-D1 loci;And null,7 ＋ 8,2 ＋ 12 subunits occurred with highest frequency on each of loci, reaching 91.95 % , 85. 17% , 80.93 % respectively. There are 21 types of subunit compositions and predominant was null/7 ＋ 8/2 ＋ 12 with a frequency of 70.34%. Materials conferred with elite subunits of 1,2^＊, 13 ＋ 16,14 ＋ 15,5 ＋ 10,1.5 ＋ 10,17 ＋ 18 were selected and could be a source of desirable genes. Meanwhile, Gliadin of 65 wheat landraces in Xinjiang wheat production area were analyzed by A-PAGE. It was shown that 64 different spectral gliadin bands were isolated from the materials;the bands including 17 bands in ω region, 16 in β and γ regions and 15 in in region, and their frequencies ranged within 1.54% - 93.85 %. Genetic diversity index （ H＇ ） of α, β, γ and ω regions were 0. 498,0. 386,0. 523,0. 348, respectively. High genetic diversity of storage proteins in wheat landraees of Xinjiang wheat production region was observed.