生物黑炭及其增汇减排与改良土壤意义

Biochar and the Effect on C Stock Enhancement,Emission Reduction of Greenhouse Gases and Soil Reclaimation

国际上对将农田废弃物制成生物黑炭施用于土壤作为农业增汇减排的一种关键途径的呼声越来越高。通过文献资料调研,介绍了生物黑炭的基本性质及其碳稳定性,对农田土壤的改良效应,并讨论其在农业增产和增汇(碳)中的作用。结果表明,作物秸秆无氧高温热解制备的生物炭具有高度的芳香化、物理的热稳定性和生物化学的抗分解性。施用于土壤大幅度提升土壤碳库,并因其结构性质有利于农田土壤固持养分,提高养分利用率,改善微生物生境,从而达到提高土壤质量而促进作物增产的双赢效果。

There is increasing demand worldwide for application of biochar from crop residues to croplands as a key countermeasure for enhancing soil C stock and reducing greenhouse gases emission from agriculture. This paper reviewes the basic properies and the decomposition stability of biochar, the benefial effects on soil reclaimation as well as in both enhancing crop yield and soil C stock by using biochar in croplands. Many works done have inidcated that the biochar produced from crop residues with pyrolysis under moderate and high temperature in absence of oxygen, has a highly aromatic chamicat structure, physical and biological stability against thermal and biological decomposition, increases nutrient efficiency as well as improving soil habitat for soil biota. Thus, it is believed that application of biochar will reach a winwin effect for improving soil productivity and soil C stock in agriculture.