论国际环境损害责任制度的重构——基于国际私法的视角

On Reconstruction of International Environmental Damage Liability System——Based on the Perspective of Private International Law

在国际环境法的现行体系中,"国际环境损害责任"问题可以说是最薄弱的环节。在众多的国际环境条约中,"国际环境损害责任"大多以软法的形式表现出来,欠缺实质上的约束力。对有限的硬法性质的规定,也是以"国家责任"的形式体现,缺乏实际的执行力。这种实然状态下的国际环境损害责任制度远远不能满足人们保护生态环境的需要。因而,以往国际环境损害责任制度中国家责任的惟一性,已经不能适应社会发展的节奏,国际环境损害责任多元化乃是一种必然的发展趋势。

International environmental damage liability is the most imperfect part in current international environmental law system. Regulations about international environmental damage liability lack actual sanctions in many international environmental treaties. Few binding provisions stipulate that the states are responsible for the damage, but this is unenforceable in fact. The current international environmental damage liability system can not meet the requirement protecting environment. That only states are responsible for the damage can not adapt social development and the subjects to bear compensation. The responsibility should be plural.