绝经前后女性冠心病临床特点分析

The clinical characteristics of coronary heart diseases in premenopausal and postmenopausal female patients

目的了解绝经前和绝经后女性冠心病的临床与冠状动脉病变特点,为提高临床的防治水平提供一定的依据。方法回顾性分析了136例女性冠心病患者的临床资料及冠脉造影结果。结果绝经前女性冠心病患者检出率明显低于绝经后女性。两组患者高血压病的发生率均高,绝经后女性患者糖尿病及血脂异常者发生率均显著高于绝经前女性患者;两组患者均以典型心绞痛发病者居多,心电图有特异性ST-T改变不明显。绝经后女性患者冠状动脉单支病变明显低于绝经前女性患者,而多支病变明显高于绝经前女性患者。两组受累血管均以左前降支为最常见。结论对于临床高度怀疑有冠心病的女性患者,应尽早行冠脉造影检查明确诊断。对于冠心病高危女性,应积极进行危险因素干预以及治疗。

Objective To observe the clinical characteristics of coronary angiography in premenopausal and postmenopausal female patients with coronary heart diseases. Methods The clinical data and results of coronary angiography in 136 female patients with coronary heart diseases were analyzed retrospectively. Results The detection rate of coronary heart disease in premenopausal female patients was lower than that in postmenopausal female patients. The incidence of diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia in premenopausal female patients was higher than that in postmenopausal female patients, but the incidence of hypertension was not significantly different between two groups. Typical angina pectoris was observed more frequently in two groups. Special ST-T changes were not obvious. Com- pared with postmenopausal women, the incidence of single coronary vessel lesion in premenopausal female patients was higher, while the incidence of multi-vessel lesion was lower. Left anterior descending artery was the most common in the involved vessels. Conclusion Coronary angiography should be early performed in female patients suspected as CHD for early diagnosis. For high-risk CHD female patients, active treatments are important.