某工厂夜光车间环境放射性监测、评价及防护

Environmental radioactive monitoring,evaluation and protection in luminous workshops of a factory

在黑暗环境中显示仪表指示常采用荧光技术。某工厂夜光车间是利用掺入放射性物质的荧光粉对玻璃制品进行涂抹、描绘等工艺加工的生产车间。由于荧光粉中掺入放射性物质226Ra、40K,226Ra、40K在自发衰变过程中会放出α、β、γ射线,对人体会产生不同程度的损伤,大剂量或累计照射会对人类造成一定辐射影响。因此,工作时应严防人为等意外因素可能造成超安全计量的放射性损害。为确保夜光车间工作人员和公众人身健康与安全,必须定期对夜光车间及周围环境进行放射性监测与评价。通过环境放射性监测,分析环境辐射水平,寻找可能存在的问题,进而提出保障人体健康的防护措施。

Fluorescent technique is often used to display instrumental indicator in the dark environment. Luminous workshops of a factory smear and depict the glassware by means of fluorescent power with adulterated radioactive matter. Because of adulterated radioactive matters such as ^226Ra, ^40K emit alpha-ray, beta-ray and gamma-ray, while they decay spontaneously, and high dose or cumulative radiation can damage human body in different degrees. Therefore, any radioactive damage to human body caused by over-safety dose should be prevented strictly during the working. To ensure health and safety of working staff in luminous workshop and the public, it is necessary to regularly have radioactive monitoring and evaluation to luminous workshop and its surrounding environment. Through the environment radioactive monitoring, the authors analyze its environmental radioactive level, and try to find out the possible problems so as to propose some protective measures for personal health.