中华竹鼠的洞穴结构及其生境利用特征

Habitation Selection and Den Structure Characteristics of Rhizomys sinensis in Piankou Natural Reserve

采用徒步不定宽样线法对片口自然保护区中华竹鼠(Rhizomys sinensis)的生境选择和洞穴特征进行了研究。共设置4条样线148个20m×20m样方,并对61个有中华竹鼠新鲜土堆的洞穴进行了解剖观察与测量,采用Vanderloeg和Scaiva选择指数对生境选择进行分析。结果表明,其洞系结构由土丘、洞口、取食道、避难所、窝及厕所组成,每个结构都与中华竹鼠的习性及生存活动相适应;中华竹鼠喜欢选择东南坡向、坡度适中(25～45°)、上层乔木郁闭度大于25%的常绿落叶阔叶混交林或落叶阔叶林、竹子密度适中(20～40株/m2)、竹子较粗(基径大于10mm)、距水源较近且远离人为活动干扰的箭竹林中筑巢。

We studied structure characteristics and habitat selection of the Bamboo Rats （Rhizomys sinensis） caves in Piankou Natural Reserve.Four fixed line transects with 148 samples were investigated and 61 of them were with fresh dens.Data were analyzed with Vanderloeg and Scavia selection index.The tunnel system of Bamboo Rats consists of rideau outside the entrance,entrance,feeding tunnel,shelter,nest and toilet,which match with their life requirement;Bamboo rats preferred to select the evergreen-deciduous and deciduous broadleaf forest,showed strong habitat preference for the moderate slope position and slope degree （25-45°） facing east and south with dense forest canopy （〉50%）,preferred to select bamboo forest with the moderate density （20-40 plants/m2） and thick basal diameter （〉10 mm） nearby water source.