经上颌窦手术入路的应用解剖

An anatomical study of the transmaxillary sinus approach

目的研究上颌窦区域的解剖特点,为经上颌入路至颅底中央区提供相关解剖学资料。方法8例10%福尔马林固定的成人头部标本,显微镜下解剖上颌窦,观察上颌窦各壁有关解剖结构的毗邻关系。结果上颌窦有5个壁,重要解剖标志有眶下孔、尖牙窝、颧上颌点、眶下血管神经束、上颌窦窦口和筛上颌板等,上颌窦后外壁呈三角形,打开其内侧部是翼腭窝,眶下血管神经束走行于外侧壁与上壁交界处。筛上颌板位于上颌窦内上壁的后部与后筛窦之间。结论熟悉上颌窦区域的解剖特点,在颅底手术入路中可以减少有关解剖结构的损伤。

Objective To study the anatomiacal charactors of the maxillary sinus region and providding anatomic data for skull base surgery. Methods The maxillary sinus region were resected on 8 cadaveric adult heads. The anatomical relationships of the maxillary sinus were invested. Results The maxillary sinus has five walls. Infraorbital foramen,the alveoli anterior of canine teeth,zgomatic-maxilla spot,the infraorbital vessle-nerve tract,the ostium of maxillary sinu and ethimoid-maxilla wall were important anatomiacal marks. The post-lateral wall of maxillary sinus was triangle,and pterygopalatine fossa exposed after the medial part of it. Ethmoid-maxilla wall located between the medial-superior wall of the maxillary sinus and the posterior ethmoid sinus. Conclusion It is important to know the anatomiacl charactors of the maxillary sinus for reducing damage of vessel and nerves of the maxillary sinus region in the basalis operations.