Role of the Oligodendroglial Cytoskeleton in Differentiation and Myelination

少突胶质细胞作为中枢神经系统的髓鞘形成细胞,在体外培养时形成一个精细的突起网络,细胞生长并中止于富含髓鞘相关蛋白和脂质的膜层。在体的少突胶质细胞呈螺旋形包裹轴突形成一个紧密的绝缘层。与其它细胞相似,这些突起的维持和稳定以及髓鞘的形成可能依赖于一个由微管和微丝构成的细胞骨架。尽管包裹轴突、形成紧密髓鞘的特定突出尚不明确,但是已有相当的研究考察少突胶质细胞分化和髓鞘形成过程中细胞外和细胞内信号及其他作用因子介导细胞骨架的形成,在此,我们综述了细胞骨架在少突胶质细胞分化的作用,重点探讨了相关信号转导机制,并就其在髓鞘形成中重要意义予以展望。

Oligodendrocytes,the myelin-forming cells of the central nervous system,are in culture characterized by an elaborate process network,terminating in flat membranous sheets that are rich in myelin-specific proteins and lipids,and spirally wrap axons forming a compact insulating layer in vivo.By analogy with other cell types,maintenance and stability of these processes,as well as the formation of the myelin sheath,likely rely on a pronounced cytoskeleton consisting of microtubules and microfilaments.While the specialized process of wrapping and compaction forming the myelin sheath is not well understood,considerably more is known about how cytoskeletal organization is mediated by extracellular and intracellular signals and other interaction partners during oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination.Here,we review the current state of knowledge on the role of the oligodendrocyte cytoskeleton in differentiation with an emphasis on signal transduction mechanisms and will attempt to draw out implications for its significance in myelination. 2009 Wiley-Liss,Inc.