壳聚糖及其衍生物在骨组织工程中的应用

Application of chitosan and its derivatives in bone tissue engineering

壳聚糖是天然多糖类高分子化合物甲壳素的脱乙酰产物,具有来源丰富、生物相容性好、可生物降解等优点,在骨组织工程中可以加工成用于细胞移植和组织再生的多孔支架、生长因子的缓释载体及外源基因的递送载体,也可加工成微球或水凝胶等形式用作骨组织工程的可注射性支架,在骨组织工程研究领域壳聚糖及其衍生物具有广阔的应用前景。但由于壳聚糖复合支架的机械性能较弱、在体内的降解时间难以精确控制、壳聚糖用作基因载体转率效率偏低等原因,目前大多研究只处于体外和动物体内实验阶段,随着材料科学与生命科学的发展,壳聚糖将广泛用于骨组织缺损的临床治疗实践中。

Chitosan, deacetylated derivative of chitin, is a kind of natural polysaccharide polymer. It has advantages of rich source, good biocompatibility and biodegradation. Chitosan can be processed into porous scaffolds used for cell transplantation and tissue regeneration in bone tissue engineering, control-released carrier of growth factors and delivery vector of exogenous genes. Meanwhile, it can also be processed into injectable scaffolds used in bone tissue engineering in the form of microspheres or hydrogel. Chitosan and its derivatives will have broad application prospects in the research field of bone tissue engineering. However, chitosan composite scaffold has poor mechanical function, difficult accuracy control of in vivo degradation, and low efficiency for genetic carrier, chitosan research stays in in vitro tests and in vivo animal experiments. With the development of materials science and life science, chitosan will be widely used for clinical application of bone tissue defect.