组织工程皮肤支架材料和种子细胞的研究进展

Progress of seed cells and scaffolds for skin tissue engineering

目的:综述近年来国内外组织工程皮肤种子细胞和支架材料方面的研究进展,介绍了用静电纺丝法制备新型三维纳米纤维支架材料的研究进展及其在组织工程皮肤中的应用前景。资料来源:检索人为第一作者,检索文献时限为1992/2009。检索数据库为CNKI数字图书馆全文数据库,Sciencedirect数据库,I.S.I数据库。中文检索关键词为"组织工程皮肤,创伤修复,种子细胞,支架,静电纺丝"。英文检索关键词为"tissue-engineering,skin,wound healing,seed cell,scaffold,electrospunning"。资料选择:近年来对皮肤组织工程的研究起着重大影响,以及开启和引领新的方向的重要研究成果。结局评价指标:①与组织工程材料治疗皮肤损伤相关的文章。②与组织工程种子细胞和支架材料相关的文章。③与静电纺丝相关的文章。结果:利用皮肤干细胞的增殖分化特性制备人工皮肤是目前重要的研究方向,较受关注的研究有表皮干细胞、骨髓间充质干细胞、毛囊干细胞和脂肪干细胞等。对于组织工程来说,如何制备出满足应用的细胞对支架的力学性能、物理结构及生物相容性等方面的要求无疑又是一个至关重要的难题。支架材料主要可分为微米级多孔支架材料与纳米纤维支架材料。静电纺丝法是近年来兴起的一种能快速、简便制备纳米纤维支架材料的方法,利用电纺技术制备的支架材料孔隙率高,孔道连通性好,有利于维持创面血运和氧气交换,可有效防止创面水分和蛋白质的流失。结论:组织工程皮肤研究是再生医学的重要组成部分,种子细胞和支架材料基材是其最核心的问题。随着生命科学、纳米技术和计算机技术的不断发展和相互融合,对种子细胞之间相互影响、相互调节机制的研究,以及支架材料的构建和性能研究取得了很大进展。

OBJECTIVE： Based on the overview of progress regarding seed cells and scaffolds for skin tissue engineering, to introduce the research of three dimensional nanofiber scaffolds prepared by electrospinning technique, and its application prospect in tissue engineered skin. DATA SOURCES： The databases of CNKI, Sciencedirect, and I.S.I were retrieved by the first author with key words of “tissue-engineering, skin, wound healing, seed cell, scaffold, electrospunning” in both Chinese and English from 1992 to 2009. DATA SELECTION： Major accomplishments of research on skin tissue engineering published in recent years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： ①Papers related to treating skin destruction using tissue engineered materials. ②Articles correlative to seed cells and scaffold materials. ③Papers regarding electrospinning technique. RESULTS： The preparation of artificial skins is the research direction of tissue-engineered skin, in particular, studies regarding epidermal stem cells, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, hair follicle stem cells, and adipose-derived stem cells are attracted more attention. As tissue engineering, it is a key problems to prepare a scaffold to meet the needs of mechanical property, physical composition and biocompatibility. Scaffold materials comprise micrometer porous scaffold and nano-fiber scaffolds. The electrospinning technique is newly developed method for preparing nano-fiber scaffolds with the advantage of fast and convenience, and the scaffolds possess greater porosity, which not only benefit for the blood circulation and oxygen exchange, but also prevent the loss of water content and protein from wound surface. CONCLUSIONS： Tissue engineered skin is an important ingredient of regenerative medicine, seed cells and scaffold matrixes are two core problems that call for long term investigation. With the incessant development and integration among life sciences, nanotechnology and computer technology, marvelous progress has been achieved in the perspective of comprehending the interaction between seed cells, the mutual regulation mechanism and how the architecture and properties of scaffold materials affecting the regenerative procedures.