心肌组织工程支架材料:从研究到应用还有多远?

Cardiac tissue engineering scaffold material: How far is it from research to application

目的:寻求在心肌组织工程中,能为培养的种子细胞提供可靠的仿生型心肌细胞外基质材料。方法:应用计算机检索CNKI和PubMed数据库中1996-01/2007-08关于组织工程支架材料的文章。结果:具有良好的生物相容性和机械性能的天然生物支架材料是心肌组织工程支架快速成形技术的首选材料。天然生物材料如胶原、壳聚糖等机械性能较差,可塑性不强,但生物相容性好,可用于心肌支架的快速成形。三维打印、激光烧结、立体印刷技术、选择性激光烧结快速成形技术制备出的支架均具有高的孔隙率,高的表面积体积比,孔与孔之间完全通透,宏观形状可控,孔隙率和孔径独立控制等优点。结论:采用离散/堆积成型原理,利用计算机和纳米高分子技术等高科技,结合传统心肌组织工程支架生物材料,对生物材料应用表面修饰或改性技术,有望为心肌组织工程提供较理想的支架材料。

OBJECTIVE： To seek the bionic material myocardial extracellular matrix in the myocardial tissue engineering for the cultured myocardial cells and to provide a reliable scaffold. METHODS： A computer-based online search of CNKI and PubMed database to search articles published between January 1996 and August 2007 on scaffold material of tissue engineering. RESULTS： Natural biological scaffold materials with good biocompatibility and mechanical properties are ideal choice in the cardiac tissue engineering rapid prototyping technology. Natural biological materials such as collagen, chitosan have poor mechanical properties and plasticity, but good biocompatibility, which can be used for rapid prototyping of cardiac stents. The scaffolds which are prepared by the technology such as three-dimensional printing, laser sintering, three-dimensional pressing, selective laser sintering rapid prototyping technology on have the advantages such as high porosity, high surface area volume ratio, completely transparent among the holes, controllable macro-shape, porosity, and independent control of aperture. CONCLUSION： Through the use of dispersion/accumulation forming principle, surface modification of traditional biological materials in cardiac tissue engineering using computers and other high-tech nano-polymer technology is expected to provide ideal myocardial scaffolds.