四川省2008年农村饮水安全工程水质调查分析

Water Quality of Rural Drinking Water Safety Project in Sichuan 2008

目的掌握四川省农村饮水安全工程卫生状况,为农村改水工作提供科学依据。方法根据全国爱卫办《农村饮水安全工程水质卫生监测方案》要求对农村供水工程进行调查,并按《生活饮用水卫生标准》对枯、丰水期水质进行检测。结果监测的1958个工程中,地面水以水库、溪水和江河水为主,地下水以深井为主。水样检测完成率为86.49%,有2 290份水样合格,合格率为33.81%。其中出厂水合格率为34.48%,末梢水合格率为33.12%;出厂水枯水期好于丰水期,差异有统计学意义(2χ=9.06,P<0.01);枯水期与丰水期末梢水水质无统计学意义(P>0.05),19项检测指标中微生物指标合格率较低,其余指标合格率均大于90%;消毒剂余留量出厂水合格率为23.43%,末梢水合格率为34.26%。结论农村饮水安全工程水处理工艺不完善,尤为突出的是无消毒设施,水质合格率较低,以微生物超标为主。

Objective To understand the sanitary status of rural drinking water safety engineering in Sichuan province, provide the scientific basis data for the work of rural drinking water improvement. Methods According to Sanitary Surveillance Scheme for Rural Drinking Water Safety Engineering made by the National Campaign Committee, all the gathered water supply projects were investigated and detected water quality in high flow period and lower water period（ according to Hygienic Standards of Drinking Water in China ）. Results In the 1 958 projects, the main water style of ground water was from reservoir, brook and fiver; the main water style of underground water was from deep wall. Finished detection samples occupied 86.49% in the rural drinking water safety project, 2 290 water samples were measured up national standards ,qualified rate was 33.81% ,in which 34. 48% was for finished water and 33.12% was for tap water. There was significant difference for finished water between high flow period and lower water period （Χ^2 = 9. 06, P 〈 0. 01 ）, the water quality in lower water period was better than in high flow period. There is no difference for tap water in high flow and lower water period（Χ^2 =2. 57 ,P 〉 0. 05 ）. The qualified rate of microorganism index was low in 19 measured indexes, the qualified rates of other indexes were more than 90% ,the qualified rates of disinfector residue were 23.43% and 34. 26% in finished water and tap water. Conclusion The disposal technology of rural water drinking water safety engineering is not enough perfect, especially for not disinfected device. The qualified rate in water quality is relative low especially microbial index. The government should increase the construction quality of rural drinking water device in order to insure the sanitary safety of rural drinking water.