大连市14家公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生学调查

Hygienic Situation of HVAC Systems in 14 Public Places of Dalian

目的了解大连市公共场所集中空调通风系统污染状况。方法2008年6-7月,依据《公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生规范》(卫监督发〔2006〕58号)的要求,随机抽取大连市14家公共场所(其中宾馆7家、大型超市6家、游泳馆1家),检测集中空调通风系统中的管道积尘量及积尘中的细菌总数,真菌总数,送风空气中的可吸入颗粒物、细菌总数、真菌总数;同时采集冷却塔中冷却水500 ml,检测冷却水中的嗜肺军团菌。结果集中空调通风系统管道内的积尘量和积尘中的细菌总数、真菌总数合格率分别为64.29%、97.10%、97.10%;送风空气中的可吸入颗粒物、细菌总数、真菌总数的合格率分别为57.14%、46.97%、71.21%;冷却水中的嗜肺军团菌检出率为27.3%。结论大连市公共场所集中空调通风系统存在一定程度的污染。

Objective To investigate and evaluate the heating- ventilating- air condition systems （HVAC） in the public areas and to provide the support for hygiene management. Methods According to hygienic criterion of HVAC system, 14 HVAC systems in the public places of Dalian were selected and detected including dust weight and the total count of aerobic bacterial, fungus counts in the dust in the inner surface of ventilation vessels and PM10, the total count of aerobic bacterial, the total count of fungus in the air condition systems and Legionella bacteria in cooling tower water. Results Qualified rates were 64. 29% for the collected dust weight and 97. 10% for the total count of aerobic bacterial and 97.10% for the total count of fungus in the dust in the inner surface of ventilation vessels;57.14% for the PM10 and 46. 97% for the total count of aerobic bacterial and 71.21% for the total count of fungus in the air condition systems were up to national requirements , 27.3% for in cooling water exceeded national requirements. Conclusion The hygienic problems exist in the ventilated systems in the air conditioners ,the health supervision and monitoring should be strengthened.