中国城镇居民劳动收入差距演变及其原因：1990-2005

Accounting for Urban China's Earning Inequality:1990—2005

基于中国居民营养和健康调查数据,本文利用最近发展起来的夏普里值分解方法,结合Heckman两步法,定量考察了1990—2005年间性别、教育、地区和经验等因素对中国城镇居民劳动收入差距及其演变的贡献。研究发现:(1)选择性偏误对于研究城镇居民劳动收入差距的影响不容忽视;(2)地区差异对劳动收入差距的贡献趋于上升;(3)教育的贡献总体上趋于增大;(4)经验的贡献持续下降。进一步分析表明,中国经济转型过程中所有制结构变迁、工资制度改革等制度性因素,以及经济增长过程中快速的产业结构变迁和技术进步是1990—2005年间城镇居民劳动收入差距变化的重要原因。

Combined the newly developed Shapely Value Decomposition method with Heckman two-step estimation, this paper accounts for the level and difference of urban China＇s earning inequality by gender, education, district, and experience, using the data of China Health and Nutrition Survey （1990-2005）. We find that： （1） Selection bias is important in accounting urban earning inequality; （2） Contribution of education to urban earning inequality tends to increase; （3） Contribution of experience to urban earning inequality decreased continually; （4） Contribution of district to urban earning inequality increases. Technology progress, rapid industry structure change during economic growth and property right system reform, wage system reform, restructuring of state-owned enterprises during the process of transition are potential interpretations for these findings.