乌鲁木齐周边四种野生灌木的生境特性

Habitat of Four Native Shrubs in Urumqi,Xinjiang

刺叶锦鸡儿(Caraganaacanthophylla)、白皮锦鸡儿(C.leucophloea)、草原锦鸡儿(C.pumila)和刺木蓼(Atraphaxispinosa)均为旱生灌木,对其生境的调查是研究其种子萌发及幼苗发生的基础。文章运用常规土壤测定方法和样方调查法,对这4种野生灌木所在生境的土壤水分、土壤渗透性能及植物群落组成等进行了研究。结果表明:刺叶锦鸡儿和刺木蓼的两个生境中的雅玛里克山的土壤渗透性能好,蓄水量大,而焦化山的土壤含水量较高,土壤渗透性能较差。这可能与其土壤粘结性好,保水性能好有关。草原锦鸡儿生境的土壤渗透速率较高,保水能力较差,土壤含水量低。白皮锦鸡儿生境的土壤含盐量较高。这4种野生灌木生境的土壤盐分含量较低,属非盐化土壤。土壤呈中性偏碱性。这4种野生灌木群落中,植物种类多为旱生型,反映出生境的旱化性。

Caragana Acanthophylla, C. leucophloea, C. pumila and Atraphaxi spinosa are native shrubs in Urumqi, which play an important role in the arid desert region. Soil moisture, soil permeability and associated plant of habitat of four the shrubs were studied. The results showed that the soil has good capacity of water--retention in habitats of C. acanphylla and Atraphaxi spinosa. The soil permeability in the habitat is the best for C. pumila,the water content of soil is minimum for C. leucophloea and Atraphaxi spinosa. The soil salt content is low in the habitat of four native shrubs, the pH value varies in a range of 7.33-8.30.