再论魏晋南朝的门阀制度——以《世说新语·方正》为切入点

A Discussion on the Ancestry System——A Focus on the Chapter of Fangzheng of Shi Shuo Xin Yu

两汉以来的"方正"题品,在评价个人方面,比较重视主体的个人旨趣好尚、道德品行等极具个性化的因素,尤其是道德品行。到魏晋南朝时期,"方正"一目题品的侧重点却转到了家世门第出身上,个人道德品行反而被忽略掉了。这是《世说新语.方正》部分为我们展示出来的新内容。同时,通过对当时士大夫社交中"不交非类"取向的分析,笔者认为,《世说新语.方正》在很大程度上是社会现实的反映。"方正"这种内涵上的新变化清楚地说明,门阀制度对人们的社会价值取向产生了巨大而又深刻的影响。

This paper selects the term of ＂Fangzheng＂（方正, right）as the departure and discusses this concept＇s change from Han to Wei, Jin and Southern Dynasties in order to illuminate the influence of the Ancestry System on social life of that time. In Han Dynasties, as the special term making a comment on a people, it pays much more attention to people＇s individual interests and moral deeds in evaluating individual characters. However, in Wei, Jin and Southern Dynasties it focuses on the family background of a people and individual moral deeds are usually omitted, which is what we can see from the Chapter of Fangzheng of Shi Shuo Xin Yu. Besides, through the analysis of the tendency that people select their friends and marriage partners according to their family background among the social communications of the scholar-official families, I think that the chapter are reflections of social reality on most occasions. The change of the term＇s meanings explicitly shows that the Ancestry System plays such an important and impressive role in the tendency of the social values.