乌鲁木齐戈壁荒漠动物鼠疫自然疫源地调查

Investigation on Animal Plague Natural Focus in Gobi Desert in Urumqi

目的了解和掌握乌鲁木齐地区准噶尔盆地古尔班通古特沙漠南缘荒漠戈壁啮齿动物与媒介蚤的分布、生境、种类。方法在戈壁荒漠生境内捕获鼠种,调查洞群平均鼠数、鼠种的分布,梳检鼠体蚤并进行血清学检测。结果夹捕法捕获鼠210只,有大沙鼠、子午沙鼠、红尾沙鼠和柽柳沙鼠;洞群覆盖率为10.8%,洞群密度为8.4洞群/hm^2,有鼠洞群平均鼠为0.5只/洞;鼠群栖息率为92.7%,有鼠洞群密度为7.8只/hm^2,平均鼠密度为3.9/hm^2;染蚤鼠149只,获蚤数为3 464只,染蚤率为70.92%,其中簇鬃客蚤为优势种,占总数的49.3%;血清学监测210份,其中5份血清阳性。说明调查区域内近期发生过沙土鼠鼠间鼠疫流行。结论初步掌握戈壁荒漠鼠类、蚤种,为开展类似调查提供了科学依据,长期系统的调查鼠密度和血清学检测,对杜绝人间鼠疫暴发有着科学意义。

Objective To understand and grasp the distribution, habitat, species of rodents and media fleas in the gobi desert on the edge of Junggar Basin area of Gurbantunggut Monan, Urumqi. Methods Species of mouse in the gobi desert were captured to investigate rats＇average number of hole group and distribution of the species. Parasitic fleas were combed to carry out serological testing. Results There were 210 mice captured with folder capture method, including Rhombomys opimus, Meriones meridianus, Meriones erythrourus and Meriones tamariscinuz. Coverage rate of hole group was 0.8% with density of hole group of 8.4 hole group/hm^2. There was average 0.5 rat/hole for hole groups with habitat rate of 92.7%. The density of hole group with mice inhabitation was 7.8/hm^2 with the average density of 3.9/hm^2. There were 149 mice infected with fleas, and 3 464 were obtained with rate of infection with flea of 70.92%, and the dominant flea species was Xenopsylla skrjabini, accounting for 49.3% of the total. 210 samples were carried out serological testing, and 5 were seropositive. It indicated that plague had been epidemic among gerbils in the investigated area recently. Conclusions To grasp the rodents, flea species in gobi desert initially can provide a scientific basis for developing similar survey. It is of scientific significance to systematically investigate rodent density and perform serological testing for long - term for cutting off plague outbreak in human.