长江三角洲地区城市化的水文效应研究

Impacts of urbanization on hydrology in the Yangtze River delta

长江三角洲地区是我国经济最为发达、城市化程度最高的地区之一.城市化的快速发展,有力促进了该地区经济发展.但近年来随着城市化的快速推进,流域不透水面积迅速增加、众多湖泊河网衰退消亡,由此引发的河流水质恶化、洪涝干旱灾害加剧等一系列水文、水资源与水环境问题,已严重威胁到人类的生存环境,并影响经济的可持续发展.为此本文选择该地区内一些典型区域,基于长系列降雨径流资料,以遥感和G IS作支持,通过模拟计算与综合分析,围绕城市化对城市降雨与径流的长期影响、对城市暴雨洪水的影响,以及对河网水系与水环境的影响等方面,重点探讨城市化发展为特征的流域下垫面变化对流域水循环以及水文过程的影响,寻求城市化发展条件下的水文变化规律,以便对该地区城市化水文效应作一个较全面的分析,并为当地的防洪减灾、水环境保护以及水资源持续利用提供技术支持.

The Yangtze River delta is one of the most developed regions in China. With the rapid development of urbanization, impervious areas spread quickly, and drainage networks decline gradually, which have greatly Influenced regional hydrology and water resources. The water quality is getting worse and worse. The flood and drought disasters have aggravated. Human living environment has changed and consequently sustainable development of economy is restricted. Taking several typical urbanizing areas in the Yangtze River delta as an example, this paper probes into the hydrological response of urbanization to hydrologic cycle and hydrological processes with the support of RS and GIS. The research centers on the impacts of urbanization on precipitation, hydrological process, river network, water environment and experimental observation of storm-runoff in the cities. Based on the above analysis, the characteristics of hydrological process under changing environment is modeled and predicted, and the utilization and protection of water resources is also addressed. The results of this study can provide useful support for regional economic development, flood prevention and water security.