输电线路雷电防护技术研究(一):雷电参数

Lightning Protection Study of Transmission Line,Part Ⅰ:Lightning Parameters

充分了解输电线路的实际雷电特性是线路防雷的基础。为此,在全面分析目前国内外现有的雷电参数获取方法的基础上,分析了与输电线路防雷分析、设计紧密相关的雷电日、地面落雷密度、雷电流幅值及雷电流波形等雷电参数的研究现状及存在的问题。作者开发的雷电流波形监测装置已在山东泰安输电线路安装,并已成功捕捉到了我国第1个与CIGRE推荐波形相似的雷电流波形。分析表明:雷电活动具有明显的地域性,目前我国雷电防护方面需要开展的工作是应充分利用雷电定位系统监测数据,统计分析得到不同区域的年雷电日、地面落雷密度及雷电流幅值分布,另外应在不同地区、不同电压等级的典型输电线路易击杆塔上安装一定数量的雷电流波形监测装置,监测积累我国的实际雷电流波形及幅值特性,同时实现对雷电定位系统雷电流幅值监测的标定和校核,使我国电力系统的雷电防护做到有的放矢。

Obtaining actual lightning parameters is the fundament of lightning protection of transmission lines. Based on the comprehensive analysis on the methdds to acquire lightning parameters, we analyzed the current research states and existed problems of lightning parameters, including annual lightning day, ground flash density, magnitude and waveform of lightning current. The lightning activities have obvious topographical feature, presently the lightning location system （LLS） should be fully applied to acquire the annual lightning day, ground flash density, magnitude of lightning current in different areas. Moreover, the monitoring devices of lightning current should be installed on typical transmission towers with different voltage grades in different areas to obtain the characteristics of real lightning current waveforms and magnitudes, and calibrate and check the lightning current magnitudes obtained from LLS. All these would make the lightning protection of power system focusing on the actual targets. Four sets of the developed monitoring devices of lightning current were installed, and the first lightning current waveform in China, which was similar to the standard waveform recommended by CIGRE, was recorded.