英汉缩略语词汇化程度对比研究

A Contrastive Analysis of the Lexicalization of English and Chinese Abbreviation

Packard所提出的划分词汇化程度的标准,以及据此标准对汉语复合词词汇化等级的划分,不完全适用于英汉缩略语。英汉缩略语的词汇化程度可分为高度词汇化、中度词汇化、低度词汇化三类。每一等级的缩略语之间的界限是模糊的、渐进的、非离散的,存在着一个连续状态,是一个连续统。在缩略语范畴中,有的已经彻底词汇化,不再具有缩略语的典型特点;而更为大量的形式是处于变化过程之中,既带有缩略语的特征又带有普通词的属性,这是比较典型的缩略语;还有一些缩略语仅仅具有词的部分特点,还保留了缩略语大量的属性,是不太典型的缩略语。

The criteria proposed by Packard for grading lexicalization and the corresponding ones for Chinese compound words cannot be applied, without modification, to English and Chinese abbreviation, the lexicalization of which can be graded into three levels： high, middle and low. It is held that the boundary between every two levels is obscure and they form a continuum. Some abbreviations have been completely lexicalized, some are in the course of lexicalization and others still retain the prototypicality of abbreviation.