小麦骨干亲本碧蚂4号及其姊妹系遗传差异分析

Genetic Differentiation Analysis on the Wheat Backbone Parent Bima No.4 and Its Four Sib-Lines

碧蚂4号是我国小麦育种的重要骨干亲本之一。本研究利用513对分布于小麦21条染色体上的多态性引物对碧蚂4号与其4个姊妹系的遗传差异进行了分析。分析结果表明,亲本碧玉麦对碧蚂2号的遗传贡献率最高,为41.1%;亲本蚂蚱麦对碧蚂1号的遗传贡献率最高,为47.9%;碧蚂4号与4个姊妹系的平均遗传相似性系数变异范围为0.779～0.823,表明碧蚂4号与4个姊妹系的遗传差异比较大;碧蚂4号在188个位点上与其4个姊妹系存在差异,其特异位点主要源于亲本蚂蚱麦,占碧蚂4号特异位点的50.5%;分布在碧蚂4号1A、1B、1D、2A、2BS、2BL、2D、3A、6AL和7AL上的部分特异位点遗传距离很近,形成了密集特异位点的染色体区段,在这些区段上存在许多与产量、抗病、抗逆和适应性等重要农艺性状相关的基因和QTL位点,这可能是碧蚂4号区别于其4个姊妹系成为骨干亲本的遗传基础。

Bima No.4 is one of the most important backbone parents in China.In this research,we analyzed the genetic differention between Bima No.4 and its four sib-lines by employing 513 pairs of polymorphism primers which distributed on 21 chromosomes of wheat.The analysis results indicated that quality had the highest genetic contribution of 41.1% to Bima No.2,while Mazha mai had the highest genetic contribution of 47.9% to Bima No.1.The average genetic similarity coefficient between Bima No.4 and its its four sib-lines varied from 0.693 to 0.873,which demonstrated that the genetic differentiation between Bima No.4 and its four sib-lines was high.There are 188 different loci between Bima No.4 and its four sib-lines.Most specific loci of Bima No.4 originated from its parent Mazha mai,accountting for 50.5% of Bima No.4.partial specific loci were quite close and defense on chro-mosome 1A,1B,1D,2A,2BS,2BL,2D,3A,6AL and 7AL where genes and QTL loci associated with agronomic traits such as yield,disease resistance,adverce resistance,and adaptability were located,which might be the genetic basis distinguished Bima No.4 from its four sib-lines and became the backbone parent.