秋水仙素诱导小豆性状变异研究

Colchicine-Induced Variations in Characters of Adzuki Bean

本研究用0.2%和0.4%的秋水仙素溶液浸泡小豆京农6号(JN6)种子12h,M1成株率分别为26.7%和3.5%,变异率为1.24%和1.59%,结果表明处理浓度越大,成株率越小、变异率越大。0.2%秋水仙素处理12h为较佳处理,但0.4%处理的变异类型相对丰富。M2代与对照相比,单株粒数在5%水平上达到显著差异,百粒重在1%水平达到极显著差异;M3代百粒重与对照相比在1%水平达到极显著差异,诱变后代中筛选出了3个高产优良株系。在M3代共筛选到263个叶色、叶形、蔓生、多分枝、黑荚、浅红和深红粒色、大粒及早晚熟等性状变异突变体。叶形有剑叶、小密叶、肾叶突变类型;叶色有深绿、浅绿、黄化、黄斑叶变异类型。早熟和晚熟变异株分别比对照早熟10～15d和晚熟7～10d。

In this study,we soaked the seeds of Jinnong 6 variety in adzuki bean in 0.2% and 0.4% colchicines solution to treat for 12 hours,respectively.Results from experiments showed that the rates of surviving plants in the M1 generation were 26.7% and 3.5%,while the variation rates were 1.24% and 1.59%.The results demonstrated that the concentrations of colchicines would be great,the ratio of surviving plants would be small and the ratio of variation would also be great.The treatment of 0.2% colchicines is more useful for mutation of adzuki bean,however the 0.4% colchicines treatment induces more variation types.There is significantly difference at 5% level in average number of seed per plant between control and M2 progenies,as well as significantly difference of 100 seed weight at 1% level between control and M2 or M3 progenies was shown.Three excellent lines with significantly higher yield were gained.263 mutants including leaf color,leaf shape sprawling plant,more branch number,black pod color,light red and deep seed coat color,large seed and different growth period in M3 generation were obtained.The variation of leaf color involved in dark green,light green,etiolated and yellow spot.The mutants of sword,kidney and small dense leaf were induced.Growth period mutants matured earlier from 10 to 15 days or later from 7 to 10days than control.