不同健身运动对中老年女性骨代谢水平的影响

Effects of Different Exercises on the Bone Metabolism Level of Middle-aged and Old Women

探讨不同形式健身运动对中老年女性骨密度的影响及骨代谢生化指标、血清骨矿元素含量、体成分指标与骨密度指标的相关性。90例成都市城区健身锻炼女性分别从事太极拳、游泳、快步行走三项健身运动,用Osteo-space全干式超声骨密度仪测定跟骨骨密度指标;全自动生化分析仪测定血清镁(Mg)、钙(Ca)、磷(P)骨矿元素和血清碱性磷酸酶(Alkaline phosphatase,ALP)含量;放射免疫法测定血清骨钙素(Osteocalcin,BGP)含量。太极拳、游泳、快步行走三项健身运动组及对照组的人体测量指标无显著差异;与对照组比较,三个运动组血清Mg元素含量均显著升高,游泳和快步行走组血清Ca、P元素含量显著升高;三个运动组BGP、ALP含量均比对照组低,但无统计学差异。快步行走组超声波传导速度(Speed of sound,SOS)和硬度指数(Stiffness index,STI)显著高于太极拳、游泳组和对照组,且骨量减少与骨质疏松发生率最低,而太极拳组、游泳组骨量减少与骨质疏松发生率无明显下降。超声波衰减振幅(Broadband ultrasound attenuation,BUA)、SOS、STI与血清Mg、Ca、P骨矿元素含量正相关,与血清BGP、ALP含量负相关,与体重、体重指数、瘦体重和体脂百分比呈正相关。说明快步行走是中老年女性适宜的健身运动形式,有利于骨骼健康和保持正常骨骼代谢水平。

We have investigated the effects of different exercises on middle-aged and old women＇s bone mineral density （BMD）, on the metabolic indexes of bone, on the levels of serum elements, and on the correlation between body components and the indexes. On the basis of informed consent, 90 cantonal women pursued three types of exercises（Taijiquan, Swimming and brisk walking）in Chengdu City. BMD indexes of calcaneus were tested by Osteospace quantitative ultrasound instruments ; The serum levels of Mg,Ca, P elements and alkaline phosphatase （ALP） were determined by full-automatic biochemical analysis instrument; The serum level of osteocalcin （BGP） was determined by radioimmunoassay. There were no obvious differences of anthropometric indexes between Taijiquan,Swimming, Brisk walking and Control groups. In comparison with control, the serum levels of Mg element increased significantly in the three exercise groups,and the serum levels of Ca and P element increased significantly in Swimming group and Brisk walking group. The serum levels of BGP and ALP were lower than those of control group, but no statistically significant differences were observed. Speed of sound （SOS） and stiffness index （STI） of BMD indexes in Brisk walking group were significantly higher than in Taijiquan group,Swimming group and Control group,and the prevalences of osteopenia and osteoporosis were the lowest in the Brisk walking group, but no obvious decreases of osteopenia and osteoporosis were observed in Taijiquan group and Swimming group. Broadband ultrasound attenuation （BLIA）, SOS, STI of BMD indexes were positively correlated to serum levels of Mg, Ca, P, and were negatively correlated to the serum levels of BGP and ALP,and were positively correlated to body weight, BMI,lean body mass and body fat percentage. In conclusion, brisk walking is a fitting type of exercise for middle-aged and old cantonal women; it maintaines normal levels of bone metabolism.