无机纳米粒子在基因运载方面的应用研究进展

Current Progress in Researches on the Gene Delivery Systems Based on Nanoparticles Technology

基因治疗被认为是最有希望治愈恶性肿瘤、遗传性疾病的临床治疗手段之一。该技术目前所面临的最大挑战是,如何将外源基因有效地导入目的细胞,并使其插入到特定的DNA位点。由于传统的病毒和非病毒载体介导系统存在毒性、免疫原性等安全隐患或转染效率不高等缺陷,制约了基因治疗的发展和临床应用。纳米科学技术的发展及在生物医学领域的应用探索有可能为基因运载提供新的解决方案。本文对金纳米粒子、硅纳米粒子、碳纳米管和磁性纳米粒子等材料在基因运载方面的应用研究进展做了综合评述。

Gene therapy, as a therapeutic treatment for genetic or acquired diseases, is attracting much interest in the research community, leading to noteworthy developments over the past two decades. Although this field is still dominated by viral vectors, novel nonviral gene delivery systems based on nanoparticle technology have recently received an ever increasing attention in order to overcome the safety problems of viral vectors as well as the eytotoxicity of conventional nonviral vectors. This review presented the aspects of bionanotechnology involved in the gene delivery process and explored the recent developments and achievements of inorganic nanodelivery systems for gene transfeetion.