重审艺术学与美学的关系问题——艺术学的尴尬处境及其化解之道

Reviewing the Relationship between Artistics and Aesthetics:The Embarrassment of Artistics and Its Solution

体制中的艺术学不同于学理上的艺术学。学理上的艺术学是一个处境尴尬的学科,主要表现为"泛化的尴尬"、"居中的尴尬"、"时代的尴尬"。被"泛化"了的、作为庞大学科群之总称的"艺术学",并无学术意义;作为"美学—艺术学—门类艺术学"模式中的一个"居中"学科,其实未必需要;艺术学产生于一个实证主义的时代,如今再坚持其"经验学科"的性质,有些不合时宜。导致这些尴尬的根本原因,在于未能合理地处理艺术学和美学的关系问题。在艺术学与美学的关系问题上,已有两种看法:一是主张两者不可分开,分开则艺术学丧失根基;二是主张两者应当分开,分开才有艺术学的独立。这两种看法都不圆满,应当探索第三种途径,即主张艺术学既不应与美学分离,又不必依附于美学。要打通这一途径,须进入现象学的视野,颠倒美与艺术的传统关系,借助于"存在论—认识论"的对比模式、在"艺术—科学"的关系中界定艺术。

Artistics in institution is different from artistic in academic theory. Artistics in academic theory is a disci- pline in embarrassment, manifesting itself mainly in ＂ generalization embarrassment＂, ＂ inbetween embarrassment＂ and ＂ time embarrassment＂. The ＂ generalized＂ artistics, as the group name of a large number of disciplines, has no academic significance ; as a ＂ in -between＂ discipline in the pattern of ＂ aesthetics- artistics -categorical artisties＂ , it is actually not necessary ; coming into being in an positivism period, it is not inappropriate if still sticking to its na- ture of ＂ empirical discipline＂. The basic reasons causing the embarrassment is that the relationship between artistics and aesthetics is not handled properly. As for the relationship between artistics and aesthetics, there have already been two views ： one advocating that they cannot be separated, otherwise losing the basis of artistics ; the other advocating that they should be separated, thus obtaining the independence of artistics. Neither of the two views are perfect and a third approach should be explored, i.e. a view advocating that artistics should neither be separated from aesthetics, nor depend upon aesthetics. In order to open such an approach, we should enter the scope of phenomenology, subvert the traditional relationship between beauty and art and, with the comparative model of ＂ ontology - episte- mology＂ , and define art in the relationship between ＂ art-science＂.