道歉 寒暄 礼貌——汉语书信启辞中道歉语形式与功能研究

A Study on Forms and Functions of Apologizing Act in Chinese Personal Letters

已有的道歉语研究主要放在口语交际上,而对文字交际中出现的道歉言语行为鲜有涉及。文章对107封汉语书信启辞中出现的该言语行为进行了语用功能及语言形式的分析。研究结果表明:(1)汉语书信启辞里的道歉语是一种寒暄式的言语行为,使用的主要目的在于修复、保持和加强写信人和收信人之间的人际关系;(2)道歉语句式结构和专门化道歉词的选择较为固定、并且有限,呈"程式化"语言使用的特征;(3)道歉语的使用受到交流双方的角色权势和人际距离因素的制约。

Previous research on apology has been focused on oral language, there has been, however, little information about written apology as a speech act. In this paper apology strategies and their pragmatic functions are explored based on a corpus of 107 contemporary Chinese personal reply letters. Findings reveal that （1） apology in the opening of Chinese reply letters primarily functions as a phatic act, and its underlying goal is seen as remedying, maintaining and enhancing the interpersonal relationship between writer and recipient; （2） The choices of lexicon and syntactic structures seem to be limited, but highly are determined by the role power and distance between fixed and ritualized; （3） the employment of apology strategies interactants.