生物基因组非蛋白质编码转录组学及研究进展

Progresses and Perspectives of Non-coding RNA Transcriptome

RNA转录组学和功能组学的研究是目前生命科学领域的重要研究方向。生命的中心法则(由DNA转录RNA,再由后者翻译成行使各种功能的蛋白质)因调控RNA分子的发现而进一步得到扩展。最近的大量研究发现,自基因组中非蛋白质编码区转录的RNA分子具有重要的调控功能,即转录后的调控功能。在这些RNA分子中,内源性小干扰RNA分子、microRNA及piwi-RNA等的功能逐渐被揭示。本文对目前有关RNA转录组学研究进展做一简要综述。

Genome transcriptome studies have gradually revealed that enormous RNA transcripts are generated from the non-protein coding regions in cells at most developmental stages. Those RNA transcripts are either long （several kilo bases）or short （from 18 to around 50nt）. Of the short RNA transcripts, trans-splicing leader RNA （ SL RNA ） , endogenous small interfering RNA （ siRNA ）, microRNA （ miRNA ） and piwi-RNA （ piRNA） have drawn much attention in the research field. More and more data indicated that they play critical roles in the review, the these small post-transcriptional gene regulation. In this biogenesis, potential regulation functions of non coding RNAs had been discussed.