二元经济结构与城乡差异的消除

Dual Economic Structure and the Elimination of the Gap between the City and the Countryside

刘易斯的二元经济模型认为不发达国家走向经济发达的机制就是促使现代工业部门发展,随后将利润投资于农业。同时,农业部门向工业部门大量转移劳动力,经济实现由传统农业为主转向以现代工业为主,从而实现国家现代化。在这一理论指导下,首先分析中国目前存在的城乡二元经济状况和农民在国家经济发展中所处的地位,然后提出应通过大力推进城市化进程、妥善转移安排农村的剩余劳动力、发展乡镇经济、改变农村经济结构等措施来逐步消除城乡二元经济状况,使城乡走上合理的发展道路。

According to Lewis＇s dual economic model, the mechanism for the undeveloped countries to develop their economy is to promote the development of modern industry so that the profit can be invested into agriculture while the agricultural department transfers surplus labors to industrial department. In this way national modernization will be realized. Guided by this theory, this paper analyzes the dual economic situation of the city and the countryside in China and the position of peasants in the development of national economy. Then it suggests the city and the countryside can be developed in a rational way by advancing the process of urbanization, repositioning the rural surplus labors, developing rural economy and changing the rural economic structure.