饲料间的组合效应及其在配方设计中的应用

Associated effect among feed ingredients and its application in feed formula design

就日粮中各饲料间的相互作用在消化道与组织代谢层次产生的正、负组合效应及其营养代谢机理进行了综述。指出现行日粮配方技术与饲料评定以各饲料原料间营养值的"可加性"为基础的不合理性,以及饲料间的组合效应没有引起足够重视的原因是现行的饲料常规分析方法不能反映饲料在动物体内的组合效应,从而有必要建立基于动物的饲料评定体系。研究就如何在日粮配方设计中通过日粮配合来调控饲料间的组合效应、避免饲料间的负组合效应、最大限度地发挥饲料间的正组合效应以提高饲料的营养价值及其在开发利用我国众多非粮饲料上的意义进行了讨论。

In the formulation of rations and the feed evaluation systems it is assumed that nutrients from different feeds are additively on the base of their assigned nutritive value,irrespective of feeding level or other components of the diet.However,these assumptions are not always valid because there are interactions in the digestibility or in the efficiency of the utilization of dietary energy caused by mixing the components of the diet.The interactions of feeds can affect the nutritive value,so the additivity is not always effective.Interactions among feeds are of economic importance but they can rarely be identified by conventional analyses of feeds.This emphasizes the need to make greater use of animal based feed evaluation systems and to manipulate the interactions correcting the negative ones and exploiting the positive ones,when developing livestock feeding systems based on the ＂imbalanced＂ feed resources（crop residues and byproducts） available in China.In this paper the associative effects of feeds on the digestion of nutrients and the balance among absorbed nutrients as well as the possible mechanism of these effects were discussed.