抑制城市蔓延的可持续发展路径及对中国的启示

Progress of Sustainable Development Research Against Urban Sprawl and Its Inspirations to China

自"可持续发展"概念提出以来,距今已有20年的时间。尽管世界各国在自身的城市建设中都做出了积极尝试,但是以私人交通为导向的城市蔓延在发达国家愈演愈烈,并进一步导致城市低密度、郊区化扩张,同时在广大发展中国家也出现了城市蔓延的苗头。因此,在城市规划领域,抑制城市蔓延的可持续发展理念方法成为学术界的热点。基于此,本文首先分析了城市蔓延的特征和成因,并借鉴TOD、区域管治和紧凑城市等理论实践,从抑制蔓延的交通组织方式、社会政策和城市形态角度对相关研究进行梳理和分析,最后结合中国转型期的现实情况,认为土地的混合利用、单位制社区的建设经验、建立区域双层管理体制等是中国可持续发展的有效路径。

Twenty years has passed since the conception of sustainable development was put forward in 1987. Although some positive attempt were undertaken by many countries in the world, the transportation trend of private car-oriented becomes more and more serious in developed countries, which leads to low- density and suburbanization expanding. Meanwhile, urban sprawl also comes to emerge in developing countries. Therefore, the theories and methodologies on sustainable development become the hot issues in urban planning field. On such background, the characteristics and the causes of urban sprawl are analyzed at first, afterwards, from the aspects of transit-organization, social policy and urban form, the theory and practices of TOD, regional governance and compact city are put forward. At last, this paper points out that the land mixed-use, the experiences of unit community and the regional dual-layer management system are the effective ways to Chinese sustainable development.