室内气溶胶颗粒浓度分布与传播特性的研究——对人体颗粒暴露的影响

Research on Concentration Distribution and Transmission Characteristics of Indoor Aerosol Particle——Influence to Human Particle Exposure

气溶胶对室内空气品质的影响日益受到重视,可吸入颗粒物和其可能携带的病毒对人体的健康造成直接威胁。本文综述了典型室内气流组织形态和不同粒径、不同颗粒源位置以及不同换气次数下颗粒物的浓度分布和传播特性。分析发现:室内颗粒浓度分布受粒径变化影响显著;地板送风中颗粒发生源位置直接影响室内人体呼吸区浓度分布;对于置换通风,即使颗粒源在同一位置,但释放方向不同也将形成不同的室内颗粒浓度分布;对于混合通风,由于流场分布均匀,室内颗粒浓度分布受污染源位置的影响较小;加大换气次数可以减少悬浮颗粒物浓度,但是由此引起的较高风速也会增加颗粒对流扩散的速度,从而增加人体颗粒暴露。

Effect of aerosol particle on indoor air quality has received more and more attentions. Inhalable particles and the viruses which are probably carried by the particles can do harm to peoples＇ health directly. In this paper, the concentration distribution and transmission characteristics of particles with different sizes, different particle source locations and different ventilation rates in typical indoor airflow types were summarized. It was found that the size of particles played a key role in determining indoor particle concentration. Location of particle source directly effected concentration distribution in the breathing zone of under-floor air distribution （UFAD）. As to displacement ventilation （DV）, different particle release direction resulted in different concentration profiles even if the locations of particle sources were the same. In mixed ventilation （MV）, because of the relatively uniform fluid field, the location of contaminant source had a small effect on particle concentration distribution. In addition, increasing ventilation rate could reduce the concentration of suspended particles. However, convective diffusion of particles could be enhanced by high-speed airflows and thereby increased human particle exposure.