非法行医罪立法缺陷及解决路径分析——兼评《最高人民法院关于审理非法行医刑事案件具体应用法律若干问题的解释》

An analysis of drawbacks of legislation on illegal medical practice and its solution——in reference to interpretation by Supreme People's Court on such trials of such cases

非法行医罪的设立应以完备的卫生法规为前提。1997刑法颁布时相关的卫生法规尚不成熟,造成了犯罪主体范围的不当扩大、难以判断何为非法行医的情节严重等立法上的疏漏。最高人民法院于2008年4月28日通过的司法解释在一定程度上认识到了上述问题,并对相关问题进行了司法解释,但是,司法解释毕竟不是解决问题的最佳选择,它未能有效解决本条立法上的缺陷。有效的解决方法是,从完善卫生行政法规的角度来限制主体的不当扩大;从立法技术上对本罪的适用应该以危险犯和结果加重犯来加以定性。

The legislation on the crime of illegal medical practice should be based on a comprehensive sanitary regulation. When the 1997 Criminal Law was promulgated, the sanitary regulation was not mature, which caused legislative drawbacks such as inappropriate enlargement of the coverage of criminal offenders and the difficulty in judging the seriousness of illegal medical practice. To a certain degree, the Supreme People＇s Court recognized the above problems and put forward an explanation about them in its judicial explanation dated on April 28, 2008. However, a judicial explanation is not the best solution since it cannot effectively solve legislative drawbacks. An effective solution should limit the inappropriate enlargement of coverage of offenders from the perspective of improving sanitary regulation and prescribe that the crime should be treated as dangerous offence and offence of aggrava- ted consequences as far as legislative technique is concerned.