产后压力性尿失禁相关因素及研究进展

Related Factors and Research Progress of Postpartum Stress Urinary Incontinence

压力性尿失禁(SUI)是妇科常见病,以育龄妇女和绝经期妇女多发。导致其发生的主要原因为妊娠和分娩对盆底组织的损伤。产后是女性的特殊时期,盆底经历分娩导致的损伤,尚未恢复,尿失禁的发病处于较高水平。为预防及减少产后SUI,必须对其病因进行研究。通过对可能引起的相关因素分析寻找导致产后SUI的高危因素,为预防其发生寻找可行途径。通过文献分析发现,产后早期盆底肌训练对SUI有明显预防和治疗作用,但存在宣教不足及产妇缺少相应指导的困难,需由社区保健人员或产科医师尽早给予指导实施。

Stress urinary incontinence （SUI） is a common disease in gynecology. There is a higher morbidity of SUI in reproductive and postmenopausal women. SUI is mostly caused by pregnancy and childbirth, which lead to the pelvic floor injury. Women after delivery are in a special period, the pelvic floor has just been hurt during childbirth, and has not been well recovered. So the occurrence of SUI is on a high level after childbirth. To prevent and reduce the occurrence of SUI, we must reveal the etiology of SUI. By analyzing the SUI-related factors, we can find the high risk factors of postpartum SUI, which show us the way to prevent the occurrence of postpartum SUI. After reading related literature, we found that early postpartum pelvic floor muscle training is helpful for preventing and treating postpartum SUI. But there is still insufficient education and lack of aid to access more guidance. Overall, the new mothers require more guidance from community health workers or obstetricians as soon as possible.