沈阳地区孕妇孕前体重和孕期体重增加情况的调查分析

Analysis on situation of pre-pregnancy weight and gestational weight gain in Shenyang region

目的:了解沈阳地区孕妇孕前体重和孕期体重增加情况,并分析其影响因素。方法:调查2007～2009年在沈阳市3家医院分娩的5202例单胎足月孕妇的孕前体重和孕期体重增加情况,应用方差分析、t检验和χ2检验分析年龄、文化程度、产次和糖尿病史对体重的影响。结果:沈阳地区妊娠妇女孕前低体重、超重和肥胖的发生率分别为11.7%、18.5%和6.8%。孕期体重增加不足占15.2%,孕期体重增加过度占48.7%。不同年龄段孕妇的低体重、超重和肥胖率有显著差异,31～35岁年龄段平均孕前体重指数最高;25岁以下的孕妇及26～30岁年龄段孕妇孕期体重增加过度的现象较明显;初产妇妊娠期体重增加过度发生率显著高于经产妇;接受过大学教育的孕妇孕前超重和肥胖发生率以及孕期体重增加异常发生率均显著低于其他人群。结论:沈阳地区孕期体重增加过度现象还较为普遍。高龄孕妇、文化程度低的孕妇和经产妇孕前超重现象明显;25岁以下的孕妇、受中等教育程度的孕妇和初孕妇孕期体重过度增加现象明显。

Objective：To investigate the situation ot prepregnancy weight and gestational weight gain in Shenyang and analyze some relevant influential factors. Methods： A total of 5 202 singleton pregnancies from three hospitals of Shenyang between 2007 and 2009 was included in this study. The effects of age, maternal education, parity and pre-existing diabetes mellitus on weight were analyzed using t test, ANOVA and chi squared test. Results：The incidences of prepregnancy underweight,overweight and obesity were 11. 7% , 18.5% and 6.8% , respectively. The rates of under- and over gestational weight gain were 15.2% and 48.7%. The incidences of prepregnancy underweight,overweight and obesity were significantly different a- mong different ages. The prepregnancy BMI was the highest in the age of 31 to 35 years. The high gestational weight gain was more common among the age of below 25 and 26 -30 years old. The incidence of high gestational weight gain was significantly higher in nulliparous women than in muhiparous women. The prevalence of prepregnaney overweight, obesity and abnormal gestational weight gain was significantly lower in pregnancy women with university education. Conclusions：The incidence of over gestational weight gain is much higher in Shenyang. The prepregnancy overweight is more common in the older pregnancies, women with primary education and multiparous women. The over gestational weight gain is more common in women below 25,women with middle education and nulliparous women.