钱穆对“宋学”的现代诠释

Qian Mu’s Modern Interpretations of Song Learning

在中国学术文化的发展脉络和历史演进中,钱穆先生最为认同、推重"宋学",并在自己的众多著述与讲演中论涉了宋学问题,对宋代学术文化作了广博而精微的研究。探求和考察钱穆之所以推重、认同宋学的原因及其对宋学的现代诠释,不仅可以进一步深入钱穆的思想世界,且对中国学术文化传统的更新与重建之思考具有重要的启迪意义。综合钱穆的论说与诠释,他所念兹在兹的宋学,其意涵可以概括为五大要点,即:融释归儒的宋学血脉,开创近代的宋学地位,明体达用的宋学精神,综汇贯通的宋学气象,天人合一的宋学境界。

Qian Mu approved highly of Song Learning and held it in the highest esteem over the entire the course of development and historical evolution of Chinese academic culture. He discussed the question of Song Learning in various writings and speeches,and made extensive and nuanced studies of the academic culture of the Song dynasty. Exploring and evaluating the reasons why Qian Mu had such a high regard for Song Learning,as well as his own modern interpretations of Song Learning,not only can help us gain insight into his intellectual world,but can also be very enlightening as we consider renewing and reconstructing Chinese academic traditions. Looking over all of Qian Mu’s discussions and interpretations of Song Learning—which was never far from his mind—we can summarize what it meant to him in five main points: Song Learning’s descent from the absorption of Buddhism and restoration of Confucianism;Song Learning’s status as the genesis of the modern academy;Song Learning’s spirit of understanding the essence and putting knowledge to use;Song Learning’s atmosphere of synthesis;and Song Learning’s vista of man’s unity with heaven.