我国高水平运动员培养之路的探索

Ways of nurturing Chinese high level athletes

在过去的半个多世纪中,我国高水平运动员的培养受国家政治、经济发展的影响,经历了从体教分离到体教结合、教体结合的发展过程。由于好的教育背景和文化水平并非是成为高水平运动员的必要条件,应试教育对学校体育的排挤和学生学业负担的加重,高水平运动训练专门化程度的提升和对"三从一大"训练原则的片面理解,计划经济向市场经济的转轨,高水平运动员培养过程中运动训练与文化课教学的矛盾依然存在并激化,体教结合或教体结合仍是一个需要不断探讨的课题。

In the past fifty years, due to the influences of the national political and economic development, the ways of nurturing the Chinese high level athletes have changed from way of sports separated from education to the combination of sports and education or education combined with sports. The specialized sports training and the advocating of have been over--emphasized. Planned economy has transformed into market economy. Good educational background or academic level are thought not to be the prerequisites for being a high level athlete. Test--oriented education has added to the students＇ load of study and weakened the importance of the school sports. Whether it is to combine sports with education or education with sports is still a major concern because the conflicts between sports training and academic learning exist.