1950-2008年浙江省台州市狂犬病流行特征分析

Study on epidemiological characteristics of rabies in Taizhuo,Zhejiang,1950-2008

目的分析狂犬病流行病学特征,探讨狂犬病防制策略和措施。方法收集浙江省台州市狂犬病疫情数据和相关流行病学资料,用Excel软件进行资料统计,用描述流行病学方法进行分析。结果1950-2008年台州市共报告狂犬病发病死亡111例,其中1981-1983年25例,2001-2008年86例。疫情波及全市8县(市、区)58个乡镇。全年均有病例发生,7-12月占发病总数的65.12%。以农民发病为主(63.95%),30～69岁年龄组发病较多(占68.60%),男女性别比为1.26:1。潜伏期1年以内占86.58%,90d以内占59.76%,病程7d以内居多。犬伤占90.70%。暴露后62.79%的病例未做伤口处理,81.39%的病例未接种狂犬病疫苗,95.51%的病例未使用狂犬病免疫球蛋白。狂犬病疫苗免疫后抗体阳转率为94.10%,家犬中检测出狂犬病病毒抗原或抗体。结论台州市狂犬病广泛分布,犬免疫率低和群众防病意识不强等是狂犬病流行的主要原因。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of rabies in Taizhou and provide scientific basis for the control and prevention of rabies Methods The data of rabies epidemic and sero-epidemiological and epidemiological survey of rabies in Taizhuo were collected and statistically analyzed by using Excel and descriptive epidemiology. Results A total of 111 rabies cases occurred in Taizhou from 1950 to 2008 with the case-fatality of 100% , and 25 occurred during 1981 -1983, 86 occurred during 2001-2008. The Cases were reported in 8 counties and 58 townships. Rabies occurred all the year round, but the cases during July-December accounted for 65. 12%. The majority of cases were farmers （63.95%）, the people aged 30 - 69 years were mostly affected （68.60%）, and the ratio of male to female was 1.26： 1. The cases with an incubation period of 1 year accounted for 86.58% and with an incubation period of 90 days accounted for 59.76%. The course of disease for most cases was within 7 days, 90.70% of cases were bitten by dog,62.79 % of cases didnt receive post-exposure wound treatment, 81.39% of cases didnt receive rabies vaccination and 95.51% of cases didn＇t receive rabies immunoglobulin. The rabies antibody positive rate was 94.10% after rabies vaccination. Rabies virus antigen and antibody were detected from domesticated dogs. Conclusion The rabies epidemic spread widely in Taizhou. The low immunization rate and people＇s low awareness of rabies prevention knowledge were the major reasons for rabies epidemic.