生态系统健康的研究历史与现状

History and current situation of ecosystem health research

生态系统健康的研究主要经历了3个发展阶段。第1个阶段,生态系统健康的思想萌芽;包括2个亚阶段:环境健康与生态系统的知识积累,生态系统健康的思想准备。第2个阶段,生态系统健康学的形成;包括基础理论构建与方法论构建2个亚阶段,分别以"生态系统健康"术语的出现与VOR评价方法的确立为标志。第3个阶段,生态系统健康评价的实践,以CVOR的理论与实践为代表。生态系统健康评价方法的发展,经历了单因子罗列法、单因子复合法、功能评价法和界面过程法4个阶段,体现关键生态过程是指标选择的重要标准,多指标的综合化是健康评价的发展趋势。生态系统健康是多学科交叉的产物,健康的评价体现了阈值的思想,生态系统的健康具有层次性。

There are three key developmental stages in studying ecosystem health.Planning is the first stage,and includes two sub-stages： the accumulation of knowledge about environmental and ecosystem health,and ideas and thoughts about ecosystem health.The discipline of ecosystem health is established at the second stage and also has two sub-stages： the establishment of basic theories and the development of research methods,which symbols were the first publication of terminology ＇ecosystem health＇ and evaluation method ＇VOR＇,respectively.At the third stage,ecosystem health evaluation starts to be operated in practice,as represented by the development of CVOR theory and related methods.The method of evaluating ecosystem health has been developed through four processes： laying out some simple indicators→integration of these indicators→evaluation of ecosystem function→evaluation of interface processes in ecosystems.This shows that embodying key ecological processes is an important index of selecting indicators to evaluate ecosystem health and multi-indicator integrations are a trend in evaluation of ecosystem health.Ecosystem health is the outcome of multidisciplines and embodies ideas of threshold values.Ecosystem health operates at different levels.