香菇菌株的脱毒研究

Studies on Virus-free Strain of Lentinula edodes

香菇具独特香味且有多种保健功能,是中国栽培的主要食用真菌之一。但近些年在中国部分产区出现的香菇病毒病使香菇的产量和质量受到明显影响。检测结果表明dsRNA在香菇中普遍存在。采用菌丝尖端挑取法对3株带毒香菇进行脱毒,获得1株不含dsRNA条带的无毒菌株和一些含1条11kb的dsRNA条带脱毒不彻底菌株。对脱毒不彻底菌株、无毒菌株以及带毒菌株进行了生物学特性、纤维素酶、木聚糖酶、漆酶和多酚氧化酶活性的测定,结果显示在pH值8时脱毒菌株的生长速度比带毒菌株快,这三类菌株的子实体产量没有显著差别,但脱毒菌株子实体肥厚且抗污染能力强。脱毒菌株的漆酶和多酚氧化酶活性明显高于带毒菌株,而纤维素酶和木聚糖酶则没有显著区别。

Lentinula edodes, with unique fragrances and a variety of health functions, is one of the major cultivated edible fungi in China. However, mushroom yield and quality were significantly affected by mushroom virus disease happening in some regions of China in recent years. Results showed that dsRNA was widely existed in L. edodes, detected by the dsRNA technique. One virus-free strain containing no dsRNA and some incomplete eliminated strains containing one dsRNA of 1 lkb were obtained, based on eliminating virus by picking up hyphal tips of three virus-infected strains. Biological characteristics and activities of enzymes such as cellulase, xylanase, laccase and polyphenol oxidase of incomplete eliminated strains, virus-free strains and virus-infected strains were detected, respectively. The results indicated that the virus-free strain grew faster than the virus-infected one did at pH 8, production of fruit body between these three kinds of strains had no significant difference but with a more hypertrophic fruit body and a stronger anti-pollution ability for the virus-free strain. Moreover, the activities of laccase and polyphenol oxidase in the virus-free strain were higher than those in virus-infected one, while their activities of the other two enzymes were not significantly different.