花生新品种“福花4号”的选育及生育特性研究

Breeding of a New Peanut Variety Fuhua 4 and the Study on Growth Characteristics

为选育出适合福建省生态条件下的适应性广、高产、优质的花生新品种,提供生产利用。2001年秋季福建省农业科学院作物所以泉花327为母本,国际半干旱研究所ICGV94449A作父本,有性杂交,混合系谱法选择,育成了丰产、耐旱、适应性广的花生新品种。该品种2007—2008年参加福建省春花生区域试验,荚果产量281.02kg/667m2,比对照增产12.33%,籽仁产量189.65kg/667m2,比对照增产12.65%。粗脂肪含量51.56%,蛋白质含量29.08%。感病(S)青枯病,生育期125天左右。2009年春季进行生产试验,同年7月通过了福建省非主要农作物品种认定委员会花生专业组现场验收。鲜果产量达594.6kg/667m2,比对照泉花10号增加159.5kg,增产36.66%。生育特性研究认为,福花4号花量适中,有效花为32.2朵、有效花率为74.5%,果针数为18.4个,荚果数为11.7个,饱果数为8.8个,成针率为43.0%,成果率为27.1%,饱果率为20.4%;幼苗期的NAR比对照种泉花10号高112.91%,开花下针期的NAR比对照低27.3%,结荚期NAR比对照高30.97%,饱果成熟期的NAR比对照低18.1%。干物质积累占全生育期的百分率看,幼苗期为1.8%,开花下针期为31.4%、结荚期为51.5%、饱果成熟期为15.3%、产量形成期为53.3%,结荚期经济系数为37.63,饱果成熟期为54.25。保持一定的干物质积累率和较高的经济系数,是福花4号高产的一个重要生理基础。库大、源大,而且库/源比率高,库源的协调性好,因而产量较高。

In order to breeding wide adaptability, high yield and high-quality new varieties of peanuts, provide productive use in Fujian Province, the new variety nurtured by Institute of Crop Sciences, Fujian Academy of agricultural Sciences, in autumn 2001, has the high-yielding, drought-tolerant and adaptive extensive characters. The variety took part in the province in 2007-2008 spring peanut regional tests, and carried on the production experiment in 2009 spring, and field acceptance passed by peanut professional group of the non-major crop variety appraisal committee of Fujian Province in July the same year. Pod yield was 281.02 kg/667m^2, increased 12.33% compared to the control and seeds yield was 189.65 kg/667m^2, increased 12.65% compared to the control in Fujian province in 2007-2008 spring peanut regional tests. Fresh fruit yield was 594.6 kg/667m^2, increased 30.0% compared to the control Quanhua 10 in the production experiment. The seeds had 51.56% crude fat content, protein content 29.08% and susceptibility to the bacterial wilt. The growth period of the Fuhua 4 was about 125 days. Fuhua 4 had moderate amount of flowers, centralized flowering season and high effective flower rate. LAI of the seedling stage and pod setting stage lower than the control, and the etceteras high compared to the control. The NAR of seedling stage, bearing pod stage and yield-forming stage were higher than that of the control. The flowering and pegging stage and vegetative growth appear at the same time, when reproductive growth had been relatively strong. Dry matter accumulation and more rapid transfer to the pod in bearing pod stage. Maintains certain percentage of dry matter accumulation and the high economical coefficient were the high production important physiological foundation. There had the big sink and source, the great ratio of sink/source and the good coordination between the sink and source, thus Fuhua 4 had the high yield.