豫东平原区当前小麦品种选用中存在的突出问题及改进建议

Existing Problems in Utilization of Wheat Cultivars and Their Improving Suggestions in the Eastern Henan Plains

为引导豫东平原区小麦品种的合理利用,促进国家粮食战略工程河南核心区小麦生产再上新台阶,于2006—2008年对商丘市等地的小麦品种利用现状及存在问题进行了调研。结果表明:种植者对所推广应用的品种了解不够、对当地流行病害和常发自然灾害认识不足、过分依赖品种的抗逆性,片面追求小麦的高产和新异,随意地选用品种,粗放地进行管理,是豫东平原区当前小麦品种选用中存在的突出问题;在此基础上,提出了以高产稳产品种为主导,以优质专用品种为重点,因地制宜地选择品种,协同实施良种良法的改进建议。

This paper is aimed at guiding the rational utilization of wheat cuhivars in order to promote construction of Grain Production Core Region of National Grain Strategic Project in the Eastern Henan Plains. From 2006 to 2008, the situation of wheat cuhivar use in Shangqiu and some existing problems were studied. The results showed that the main problems in choosing cuhivars were as follows： growers lack in understanding both of the cuhivar characteristics and the regional epidemic diseases or natural hazards, unduly dependent on stress-resistance and pursuing too high a yield of the cuhivars, and casual choosing the cuhivars and extensive management in production practice of the Eastern Henan Plains. Based upon the above analyses, improving suggestions to those problems are also put forward： taking high- and steady-yield cuhivars as leading cuhivars, using good-quality and end-use-specific cuhivars as key cuhivars, choosing the cuhivars by local natural conditions, and at the same time matching the elite cuhivars to appropriate field management.