广州市叶菜田杂草群落组成及其年动态变化

Compositions and Dynamics of Weed Communities in Leafy Vegetable Fields in Guangzhou City

于2008年利用倒置"W"九点取样法对广州市叶菜田杂草群落年动态变化进行了调查。调查共计发现60种杂草,属23科,45属。春季杂草群落为马齿苋(Portulaca oleracea)+繁缕(stellaria media)+腋花蓼(Echinochloa colonum)为主;夏季以马齿苋+碎米莎草(Cyperus iria)+凹头苋(Amaranthus lividus)为主;秋季以马齿苋+凹头苋+光头稗(Echinochloa colonum)为主;冬季以腋花蓼+繁缕+酸模叶蓼(Polygonum lapathifolium)为主。通过计算杂草的优势度得出全年危害最严重的杂草为马齿苋、繁缕、腋花蓼、酸模叶蓼、凹头苋、碎米莎草、马唐(Digitaria sanguinalis)、牛筋草(Eleusine indica)、光头稗、小藜(Cardamine hirsuta)等10种。其中,马齿苋、凹头苋、碎米莎草在春夏秋季为优势杂草;马唐在夏秋冬为优势杂草;光头稗、牛筋草为春秋季优势杂草;繁缕、腋花蓼、酸模叶蓼、小藜为冬春季优势杂草。

Survey was conducted by sampling methods of inverted W-pattern to the weed communities of leafy vegetable fields in Guangzhou region across 2008.The result showed 60 species were found, which belonged to 23 families,45genera.Weed communities were mainly consisted of Portulaca oleracea ＋ stellaria media ＋ Polygonum plebeium in spring; Portulaca oleracea ＋ Cyperus iria ＋ Amaranthus lividus in summer; Portulaca oleracea＋ Amaranthus lividus ＋ Echinochloa colonum in autumn and Polygonum plebeium ＋ stellaria media ＋ Polygonum lapathifolium in winter.10 worst weeds were gotten by calculating the dominance of weeds and they were Portulaca oleracea, stellaria media, Polygonum plebeium, Polygonum lapathifolium, Amaranthus lividus, Cyperus iria, Digitaria sanguinalis, Eleusine indica, Echinochloa colonum,. Cardamine hirsute. Portulaca oleracea, Amaranthus lividus, Cyperus iria were the dominant weeds in spring, summer and autumn; Digitaria sanguinalis was the dominant weed in summer, autumn and winter; Echinochloa colonum, Eleusine indica were the dominant weeds in spring and autumn; stellaria media, Polygonum plebeium, Polygonum lapathifolium, Cardamine hirsute were the dominant weeds in winter and spring.